Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Techniques for the Remediation of Heavy Metal and Trace Element–Polluted Soils and Water

Heavy metal pollution in soil and water has been of worldwide concern due to their biotoxicity/ecotoxicity the ecosystem, accumulation food chain, persistence environment. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is known as an efficient cost-effective biogeochemical process for remediation heavy metals contaminated This study reviews mechanisms biomineralization urease-producing microorganisms with various trace elements. Biogeochemical factors affecting formation biominerals were discussed. These included growth urease activity microorganisms, calcium concentration coexisted cations/anions, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, redox potential, etc. In addition, biomineral morphology its controlling such medium types, microbial species, extracellular polymeric substance analyzed well. Finally, challenge current knowledge gap on further application MICP metal–, element–, U-polluted soils presented.